Drug Residual Reduction

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Drug Residual Reduction

It is increasingly evident that the accumulation of Drug residues and their lipophilic Metabolites in the body plays a role in drug Addiction. Such residues are associated with persistent symptoms and their mobilization from body stores into blood correlates with drug Craving. A detoxification method developed by L. Ron Hubbard was specifically targeted at reducing levels of fat-stored chemical resides in the body and thereby alleviating the Long-term effects of such compounds. We were interested in determining whether drugs were eliminated during this program and, if so, what types of symptomatic changes occurred as a consequence.

Concentrations of drug metabolites in both sweat and urine were measured in eight clients who had been actively using drugs prior to treatment with the Hubbard program. Treatment occurred at the Narconon drug rehabilitation center in Los Angeles. coacine, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine metabolites were detected by fluorescent immunoassay in both sweat and urine of these clients. Following start of treatment, metabolite concentration increased in either sweat or urine in five cases. In two cases the level of drug was below detection prior to treatment, but became detectable while doing the detoxification program. Drugs continued to be eliminated for up to five weeks.

Introduction:

Residues of many drugs - including LSD, phencyclidine, Cocaine, Marijuana and diazepam - are known to accumulate in the body. These compounds may be retained for extended periods of time, and are especially abundant in long-term, hard core drug users.

Persistent symptoms associated with Drug abuse often linger long after abuse has ceased. The consideration that accumulated residues may play a role in the persistence of symptoms led to the development of a program aimed at reducing levels of foreign compounds in the body and thereby assisting in the recovery of the individual.

This detoxification program is one component of the Narconon drug rehabilitation program. It has been empirically observed that clients are more alert and do better on the balance of the Narconon program after completing the detoxification component.

We were interested in evaluating the effects of the detoxification program on both the elimination of drug metabolites and the alleviation of symptomatic complaints. Therefore, we measured the levels of various drug metabolites in both sweat and urine over the course of the detoxification program in eight clients with long-term drug abuse problems.

We also monitored the change in severity of self-reported symptoms in a series of 249 clients with a history of drug abuse who were treated with this detoxification program.

Methodology Detoxification Program:

The detoxification program developed by Hubbard is aimed at mobilizing and eliminating foreign compounds, especially those stored in the fat. Components include:

(a) Exercise, preferably running, to stimulate circulation and enhance the turnover of fats.

(b) Prescribed periods in a low temperature sauna to promote sweating.

(c) An exact regimen of vitamin, mineral, and oil intake. Niacin in gradually increasing doses is used to transiently increase fat mobilization. Oil supplementation both reduces enterohepatic recirculation and promotes the exchange of fat. Vitamin and mineral supplements are included to replace vitamins, minerals and electrolytes lost during increased sweating and to correct any nutritional deficiencies.

(d) Sufficient liquids to offset the loss of body fluids through sweating.

(e) A regular diet including plenty of fresh vegetables.

(f) A properly ordered personal schedule which provides the person with the normally required amount of sleep.

Clients are on this program up to 5 hours per day, every day, until program completion. Daily aerobic exercise is followed by frequent periods in a low-heat (60-80 C) sauna. Niacin is administered immediately prior to the exercise and sauna to assist with the mobilization and elimination process. The program is pursued individually until a stable clinical improvement is achieved, generally from 4 to 28 days.

Treatment Population:

249 clients with a history of drug abuse rated the severity of their symptoms before and after treatment with the detoxification program. 87 symptoms were rated on a scale of 0 (none) to 5 (severe).

These clients could be divided into three subgroups:

(a) 59 clients who were doing the detoxification program as part of a drug rehabilitation program;

(b) 52 clients who had used drugs recently but were occasional drug users without marked addiction; and

Sample Collection for Drug Measurement:

Eight clients with a current drug addiction program agreed to contribute urine and sweat samples as they went through both Withdrawal (if needed) and the detoxification program.

Four smoked cocaine almost daily and had been using cocaine from eight months to 18 years prior to treatment. Three were frequent users of Amphetamines and valium (diazepam). One used cocaine and Heroin.

Urine and sweat samples were collected on program entry and every two to three days during the detoxification program.

The concentration of drug residues in urine and sweat samples was determined by the polarized fluorescent immunoassay (PIF) technique at a 95% sensitivity of approximately ng/ml.

Results Symptom Severity:

Clients reported the severity of symptoms both before and after detoxification treatment. Irritability, fatigue, depression, intolerance of stress, reduced attention span, decreased mental acuity, nervousness and impaired memory were the main complaints of these clients. (Table I)

Table 1
Symptoms Prevalent In Drug Users Self-Reported Symptom Severity

Symptom	All Users	Current Users	Past Users
Fatigue	2.5	2.7	2.3
Stress Intolerance	2.3	2.7	2.2
Decreased Mental Acuity	2.5	2.5	2.1
Irritability	2.2	2.8	1.8
Reduced Attention Span	2.1	2.6	2.0
Impaired Memory	2.1	2.3	1.9
Depression	2.0	2.7	1.5
Nervousness	1.8	2.4	1.4
Lethargy	1.7	1.9	1.2
Recreational Drug Use	1.7	3.5	.06
Sleepiness	1.6	1.8	1.3
Emotional Instability	1.6	2.1	0.9
Alcohol Use	1.6	2.7	0.9
Coffee Use	1.6	1.5	1.5
Headaches	1.5	1.7	1.4
Confusion	1.5	1.8	1.0
Lumbalgia	1.5	1.4	1.4
Tobacco Use	1.4	1.8	1.3
Muscle Aches and Pains	1.3	1.4	1.0
Sleeplessness	1.2	2.0	.08

The symptom profile for current users is compared to the profile for past users in Figure 1. Though the severity is higher for symptoms in current users, the complaints overlap remarkably in the two groups. This strongly supports the concept that persistent symptoms in the general population are related to past drug use.

Following treatment, the self-reported symptom severity improved markedly (Figure 2). The reduction in symptom severity was statistically significant for 80 of the 87 symptoms, and highly significant for 74 of them, including each of the chief complaints of this population.

Drug Metabolites in Sweat and Urine:

Drug metabolites were found in both sweat and urine for seven of the eight clients participating in this study. Five of the eight clients showed an increase in the concentration of drug metabolite in sweat or urine when the detoxification program was initiated.

Drug metabolites were not detected in the urine of two clients before the start of detoxification treatment but were detected after the program began. This supports the argument that drug metabolites were metabolized from stores.

Drug metabolites were detectable in both sweat and urine for up to five weeks following the start of detoxification treatment. (Figure 3)

Discussion:

The detoxification method developed by L. Ron Hubbard has previously been shown safe and effective in reducing levels of various chemicals in humans, including polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides and in decreasing the adverse signs and symptoms associated with exposure to these chemicals.

Use of this detoxification program at Narconon is based on the premise that drug residues remain in body tissues long after active use has ceased and that these residues contribute to both persistent symptoms and the craving for drugs.

This study demonstrates that the detoxification program developed by Hubbard is effective in alleviating many of the symptomatic complaints reported by drug users.

Cocaine, amphetamine and benzodiazepine metabolites are found in both the urine and the sweat of individuals who have used these drugs as they undergo detoxification treatment.

Individuals report marked reductions in drug craving following this program.

Considering the high level of recidivism in drug users, the potential effects of drug residues on recidivism and the alleviation of these effects through detoxification, it becomes evident that detoxification treatment has broad application in the drug rehabilitation field.

(To view research supporting this method, see "Detoxification" in this menu.)
Definitions of Terms Used

Term Description
Addiction Strong physiological, emotional and/or psychological dependence on a substance such as alcohol or drugs that has progressed beyond voluntary control. For more on addiction see the section Addiction Information in this website.
Alcohol Refers to ethyl alcohol or ethanol.
Amphetamines Stimulant drugs whose effects are very similar to cocaine.
Cocaine A highly addictive stimulant drug derived from the cocoa plant that produces feelings of euphoria. Also see Crack.
Craving A powerful, often uncontrollable desire for drugs.
Drug Any substance, other than food, that changes the function or structure of the body or mind when ingested. Drugs essentially are poisons. The degree they are taken determines the effect. A small amount acts as a stimulant. A greater amount acts as a sedative. A larger amount acts as a poison and can kill one dead. This is true of any drug. Each has a different amount at which it gives those results.
Drug abuse The use of illegal drugs or the inappropriate use of legal drugs. The repeated use of drugs to produce pleasure, to alleviate stress, or to alter or avoid reality - or all three.
Heroin The potent, widely abused opiate that produces a profound addiction. It consists of two morphine molecules linked together chemically.
LSD An hallucinogenic drug that acts on the serotonin receptor.
Long-term effects The effects seen when a drug is used repeatedly over weeks, months, or years. These effects may outlast drug use.
Marijuana A psychoactive drug made from the leaves of the cannabis plant. It is usually smoked but can also be eaten. See Cannabis.
Metabolites The products that result when enzymes in the body break things down or alter them to produce energy or eliminate them.
Narconon A non-religious, non-profit drug rehabilitation program using technology developed by author L. Ron Hubbard. The Narconon program was originally organized in Arizona State Prison in 1966 by William Benitez, an inmate who was himself a drug addict. He applyed basic principles regarding self awareness and self assurance contained in books by L. Ron Hubbard and, by doing so, completely cured his own addiction to heroin. Mr Benitez then went on to help twenty other inmates do the same. Today there are Narconon centers in 45 countries.
Tobacco A plant widely cultivated for its leaves, which are used primarily for smoking; the tabacum species is the major source of tobacco products.
Withdrawal Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped.
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